CBSE 10TH 2018

CBSE Class 10th Compartment Result 2018 Announced:

On 9th August 2018, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has declared the Secondary School Examination (Class X) 2018 compartment result 2018 on its official website cbseresults.nic.in. CBSE Class 10th Compartment examination was held from 16 to 24 July, 2018. Around two lakh students appeared for CBSE Class 10th and Class 12th compartment examination, this year. Earlier, CBSE had released the Class 12th Compartment Results on 7 August. Candidates who appeared in the CBSE Class 10th Compartment Examination can now check their Result through the below provided direct official link.

Check CBSE Class 10th Compartment Result 2018

CBSE Board Revised Result 2018 for Class 10th Released:

CBSE has released the revised result for both Class 10th and 12th 2018 Examination, on the official CBSE website: www.cbse.nic.in. CBSE will be conducting the compartment exam in July. The result for Compartment exam will be released some time in August. Students who have applied for revaluation, verification of marks can now check the CBSE Board Revised Result 2018 for Class 10th and Class 12th from the below provided direct official link:

Check the CBSE Board Revised Result 2018 for Class 10th

CBSE Class 10 Compartment Exam Registration Begins:

Candidates who have appeared for CBSE Class 10th March 2018 Examination as regular candidates from CBSE affiliated institutions and placed as Compartment should approach the school from which they have appeared in CBSE Class 10th 2018 Examination for online submission of their Name. CBSE Class 10 Compartment Exam 2018 is scheduled to be held in July 2018. Only those Candidates whose name is submitted through the online process shall be allowed to appear for Examination to be held in July 2018. Regular candidates who appeared in March 2018 through schools affiliated to the Board and declared as COMPARTMENT are eligible to apply only in one or two subjects in which placed in Compartment. The last date for registration time without late fee is June 21.

Check the Circular for CBSE Class 10 Compartment Exam 2018
Check the fee details for CBSE Class 10 Compartment Exam 2018
Register for CBSE Class 10 Compartment Exam 2018

CBSE Begins Online Application For Revaluation Today; Check Schedule:

CBSE has released the schedule to apply for revaluation, verification of marks, application to obtain photocopy of evaluated answer sheet for 10th and 12th students. The application for re-verification should be submitted from June 1 to June 5, 2018. Students will have to pay Rs. 500 for each subject. Processing charges will be received through Credit/Debit Cards/ Net banking till June 7, 2018. The application process to obtain photocopy of evaluated answer sheets will be accepted from June 15 to June 16, 2018. Processing charges will be received through Credit/Debit Cards/ Net banking till June 18, 2018. The processing charges for class 12th answer sheet is Rs. 700 and for class 10th answer sheet is Rs. 500. The application for re-evaluation will be entertained from June 21 to June 22, 2018. The processing charge for re-evaluation application is Rs. 100. The processing fee will be accepted till June 25, 2018.

CBSE 10th Result 2018 Announced:

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) announced the CBSE class 10th 2018 result on May 29, 2018 at 4 p.m. Students can check their CBSE Class 10th 2018 Result through the below provided direct official link:

Check the CBSE Class 10th 2018 Result

CBSE Class 10th Result 2018 Expected Soon:

Central Board of Secondary Education or CBSE, the national level education board which conducts secondary and higher secondary examinations across India, is expected to release Class 10th 2018 examination results on the official website cbseresults.nic.in in next two weeks i.e., last week of May 2018.

CBSE Class 10 Results 2018, CBSE Awards 2 Marks For Typing Error In English Paper:

 CBSE Class 10 students will be awarded two marks for the typing error in English question paper of the CBSE Class 10th 2018 exam which was held on March 12, 2018. The passage section of the paper where students were expected to find synonyms of 'endurance, obstruction and motivation' in paragraphs two, four and five, respectively had its answers in paras three and six. Certain typos also led to confusion among students. CBSE decided to conduct a re-test for Class 12 economics paper after paper leak was reported.

CBSE Class 10th Punjab Exams Postponed, due to "Nationwide Bandh":

CBSE Board Examinations for Class X and XII, which were scheduled for April 2, 2018 Monday, have been postponed as a result of the shutdown call called by a number of Dalit organisations. Schools in Punjab will remain shut and buses will be off the road as well, until the Bharat Bandh gets over. The final practical examinations of classes 10 and 12 of the Punjab School Education Board will be conducted on April 11 instead of April 2, according to the directions of the Education Department.

CBSE reduces Pass Mark Criteria For Class 10 Students; Check Details Here:

Recently, Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has decided to relax mandatory separate pass mark criteria for class 10 students. According to the official notification from the CBSE Board, it has decided to implement overall 33% pass mark criteria for 2018 batch of students only.

This year, CISCE board has also relaxed pass mark for ICSE and ISC exams. According to the new rule, for ICSE exam or Class 10 the pass mark will be 33% and it will be 35% for ISC exam or Class 12. CISCE has considered undertaking such changes going at par with other boards in the country. 

CBSE Class 10th 2018 Admit Card Released:

CBSE Class 10th Exam Admit Cards 2018 have been released by the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) on its official website - cbse.nic.in. Regular as well as Private candidate's Admit Cards are available online. CBSE Board Exams 2018 for Class 10th and Class 12th are slated to begin on 5th March 2018 and students can access important information like details of their Examination Centre, Roll Number and important instructions from the Admit Cards.

Download the CBSE Class 10th 2018 Admit Card - Regular Candidates | Private Candidates

CBSE Class 10th 2018 Time Table:

Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE finally released the class 10th and 12th date sheet for 2018 board examinations. The examinations for the class 10th finish on April 4, 2018, and those of class 12 end on April 12 with Home Science paper.

Check the CBSE Class X 2018 Time Table

CBSE Class 10th Practical Exams In January 2018; Theory Exam Date Sheet Awaited:

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has begun the process of Class 10th board examinations with the release of exam schedule for practical exams. CBSE Class 10th Practical examinations will begin in January 2018 and may continue till February 2018. Schools have been asked to upload the marks of the students by February, 2018.

CBSE Class 10th board examination comprises of internal or practical exam and external or theory exam. For theory subjects candidates have to obtain 33% marks in order to qualify; however for those subjects which have theory and practical examinations, candidates have to obtain 33% marks in both the exams to qualify; this norm is applicable for senior school certificate exam.

For last academic session, the CBSE Board had released the 10th, 12th Board Examination time table on 9 January 2018. This year, the Board will finalise the exam dates only after the election dates are released for few States.

CBSE Exam Overview:

The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) (केंद्रीय  माध्यमिक  शिक्षा  बोर्ड) is a school-level Educational Board at all India level under the Central Government. Besides CBSE there are two other all India level school boards and a number of state level boards.CBSE affiliates all Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas (JNV), all Kendriya Vidyalayas (KV), Private Schools, all the schools in the NCT of Delhi and Foreign Schools. The board conducts final examinations for All India Senior School Certificate Examination (AISSCE) for Class X.Every year CBSE conducts the final examinations for Class 10 and Class 12 in the month of March. The results are announced by the end of May. The X results mainly will decide the students to start their career decision towards medical or engineering.The major subjects students want to concentrate is Maths and Science.By Understanding the better concepts students can achieve better results.

Check the official CBSE 10th  Exam updates here.

CBSE 10th 2018 Important Dates

The important dates for each subject and with their subject code are tabulated below for candidate's verification.

Subject Code	Subjects	Day, Date and Time
402	Information Technology	Monday, March 5, 2018, and 10:30 am to 11:30 am
002	Hindi Course – A	Tuesday, March 6, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
085	Hindi Course – B	Tuesday, March 6, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
086	Science – Theory	Friday, March 16, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
090	Science W/o Practical	Friday, March 16, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
122	Sanskrit	Wednesday, April 04, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
101	English Communicative	Monday, March 12, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
184	English Language and Literature	Monday, March 12, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
041	Mathematics	Wednesday, March 28, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm
087	Social Science	Thursday, March 22, 2018, and 10:30 am to 1:30 pm

CBSE 10th Exam Pattern 2018   

The CBSE 10th Exam Pattern is presribed here. The total marks is 100 and the 80 marks is board Examination and 20 marks is internal assessment.

Subjects	80 Marks (Board Examination) Student has to secure 33% marks out of 80 marks in each subject	20 Marks (Internal Assessment) Student has to secure 33% marks out of overall 20 marks earmarked in each subject
		Periodic Test (10 Marks)	Notebook Submission (5 Marks)	Subject Enrichment Activity (5 Marks)
		(i)	(ii)	(iii)
Language 1	Board will conduct Class-X Examination for 80 marks in each subject covering 100% syllabus of the subject of Class-X only.Marks and Grades both will be awarded for Individual subjects.9-point grading will be same as followed by the Board in Class XII.	Periodic written Test, restricted to three in each subject in an Academic Year.Average of the best two tests to be taken for final marks submission	This will cover:Regularity Assignment Completion Neatness & upkeep of notebook	Speaking and listening skills
Language 2				Speaking and listening skills
Science				Practical Lab work
Mathematics				Maths Lab Practical
SocialScience				Map Work and Project Work
6thAdditional Subject	Scheme of studies for 6th additional subject is detailed in Annexure – I.Note: In case student opts a language as 6thadditional subject the modalities defined for Languages 1 and 2 shall be followed.

CBSE 10th Exam Syllabus 2018

The CBSE 10th Exam syllabus is mainly based on the subjects namely English, Mathematics, Social Science and Language papers. Here the Exam structure for each subject and their syllabus are prescribed below the candidate's reference.
 

English Communicative

The English language is main for the CBSE Education. Here the Exam Structure for English is prescribed below
 

The Exam structure for English Communicative is given below

Section	Topic	Marks
A	Reading Skills	20
B	Writing Skills with Grammar	30
C	Literature Textbook and Extended Reading Text	30
	Total	80

CBSE 10th Syllabus 2018 and Blue Print for English Communicative  

The CBSE 10th Syllabus for English Communicative are prescribed below

SECTION A: READING

This section will have two unseen passages of a total of 700-750 words as per the details below:

Q.1: A Factual passage 300-350 words with eight Very Short Answer Type (VSA) Questions. [8 marks]

Q.2: A Discursive passage of 350-400 words with four Short Answer Type Questions of eight marks to test inference, evaluation and analysis and four VSA to test vocabulary and comprehension (two VSA for vocabulary and two for comprehension) [12 marks]

SECTION B: WRITING AND GRAMMAR

Formal Letter (Complaints / Inquiry / Placing order / letter to the editor) in about 100-120 words. The questions will be thematically based on the Main Course Book. [8 marks]

Q.4: Writing a short story based on a given outline or cue/s in about 200-250 words. [10 marks].

The Grammar syllabus will include the following areas in class X.

• Tenses
• Models (have to/had to, must, should, need, ought to and their negative forms)
• Use of passive voice
• Subject – verb Concord
• Reporting
• (i) Commands and requests
• (ii) Statements
• (iii) Questions
• Clauses:
• (i) Noun clauses
• (ii) Adverb clauses of condition and time
• (iii) Relative clauses
• Determiners
• Prepositions.

Q.5: Gap filling with one or two words to test Prepositions, Articles, Conjunctions, and Tenses. [4 marks]
Q.6: Editing or Omission [4 marks]
Q.7: Sentences reordering or Sentence Transformation in context. [4 marks].

SECTION C: LITERATURE TEXTBOOK AND LONG READING TEXT

One out of two extracts from prose/poetry/play for reference to context. Four Very Short Answer Questions: Two questions of one mark each for global comprehension and two questions of one mark each on interpretation. [4 marks].

Q.9. Four Short Answer type Questions from the Literature Reader to test local and global comprehension of theme and ideas (30-40 words each) [2×4 = 8 marks]
Q.10. One out of two long answer type questions to assess how the values inherent in the text have been brought out. Creativity, imagination, and extrapolation beyond the text and across the texts will be assessed. (100-120 words). [8 marks]
Q.11. One out of two Very Long Answer Question on theme or plot involving interpretation, inference, and character, in about 200-250 words based on prescribed novel text for extended reading. [10 marks]. 

CBSE 10th Syllabus 2018 and Blue Print for English Language and Literature 

The CBSE 10th Syllabus and blue print for English Language and Literature are prescribed below

SECTION A: READING

This section will have two unseen passages of a total length of 700-750. The arrangement within the reading section is as follows:
Q.1: A Factual passage of 300-350 words with eight Very Short Answer type Questions. [8 marks]
Q.2: A Discursive passage of 350-400 words with four Short Answer type Questions to test inference, evaluation and analysis and four MCQs to test vocabulary. [12 Marks].
 

SECTION B: WRITING AND GRAMMAR

Formal letter complaint / Inquiry / placing order / Letter to the editor / article in about 100-120 words. The questions will be thematically based on the prescribed books. [8 marks]
Q.4: Writing a short story based on a given outline or cue/s in about 150-200 words. [10 marks]
The Grammar syllabus will include the following areas in class X.

• Tenses
• Models (have to/had to, must, should, need, ought to and their negative forms)
• Use of passive voice
• Subject – verb Concord
• Reporting
• (i) Commands and requests
• (ii) Statements
• (iii) Questions
• Clauses:
• Noun clauses
• Adverb clauses of condition and time
• Relative clauses
• Determiners
• Prepositions
• The above items may be tested through test types as given below:
• Q.5: Gap filling with one or two words to test Prepositions, Articles, Conjunctions, and Tenses. [4 marks]
• Q.6: Editing or omission. [4 marks]
• Q.7: Sentences reordering or Sentence Transformation in context. [4 marks].

SECTION C: LITERATURE TEXTBOOKS AND EXTENDED READING TEXT

Q.8: One out of two extracts from prose/poetry/drama for reference to context. Four very Short Answer Questions: Two questions of one mark each on global comprehension and two questions of 1 mark each on interpretation. [4 marks]
Q.9: Four Short Answer type Questions from FIRST FLIGHT and FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET (two from each to test local and global comprehension of theme and ideas (30-40 words each) [2×4=8 marks]
Q.10: One out of two Long Answer type Questions to assess how the values inherent in the texts have been brought out (FIRST FLIGHT and FOOTPRINTS WITHOUT FEET) creativity, imagination and extrapolation beyond the text and across the texts, will be assessed. (100-120 words). [8 marks]
Q.11: One out of two Very Long Answer Questions on theme, plot or character involving interpretation and inference in about 200-250 words based on the prescribed extended reading text. [10 marks]

Exam Pattern for CBSE 10th Mathematics 2018

The Exam Pattern for Mathematics is given below for the candidate's reference.

Units		Marks
I	Number Systems	6
II	Algebra	20
III	Coordinate Geometry	6
IV	Geometry	15
V	Trigonometry	12
VI	Mensuration	10
VII	Statistics & Probability	11
	Total	80

CBSE 10th 2018 Syllabus for Mathematics

The detailed unit wise CBSE 10th Syllabus is prescribed below

UNIT I: NUMBER SYSTEMS

1. REAL NUMBERS

Euclid's division lemma, Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic - statements after reviewing work done earlier and after illustrating and motivating through examples, Proofs of results - irrationality of √2, √3, √5, decimal expansions of rational numbers in terms of terminating/non-terminating recurring decimals.

1. POLYNOMIALS
Zeros of a polynomial. The relationship between zeros and coefficients of quadratic polynomials. Statement and simple problems on division algorithm for polynomials with real coefficients.

2. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

• Pair of linear equations in two variables and their graphical solution.

• Geometric representation of different possibilities of solutions/inconsistency. 
• Algebraic conditions for a number of solutions.
• A solution of a pair of linear equations in two variables algebraically - by substitution, by elimination and by cross multiplication method.
• Simple situational problems must be included. Simple problems on equations reducible to linear equations.

3. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

• Standard form of a quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=0, (a ≠ 0). A solution of the quadratic equations (only real roots) by factorization, by completing the square and by using the quadratic formula. The relationship between discriminant and nature of roots. 
• Situational problems based on quadratic equations related to day to day activities to be incorporated.

4. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

The motivation for studying Arithmetic Progression Derivation of the nth term and sum of the first n terms of A.P. and their application in solving daily life problems.

UNIT III: COORDINATE GEOMETRY

1. LINES (In two-dimensions)

• Concepts of coordinate geometry, graphs of linear equations.
• Distance formula. Section formula (internal division). Area of a triangle.

UNIT IV: GEOMETRY

2. CIRCLES

• Tangents to a circle motivated by chords drawn from points coming closer and closer to the point.
• (Prove) The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of contact.
• (Prove) The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to circle are equal.

3. CONSTRUCTIONS

• Division of a line segment in a given ratio (internally).
• Tangent to a circle from a point outside it.
• Construction of a triangle similar to a given triangle.

UNIT V: TRIGONOMETRY

1 . INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometric ratios of an acute angle of a right-angled triangle. Proof of their existence (well defined); motivate the ratios, whichever are defined at 0° and 90°. Values (with proofs) of the trigonometric ratios of 30°, 45° and 60°. Relationships between the ratios.

2. TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Proof and applications of the identity sin2A + cos2A = 1. Only simple identities to be given. Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles.
 

3. HEIGHTS AND DISTANCES

Simple and believable problems on heights and distances. Problems should not involve more than two right triangles. Angles of elevation/depression should be only 30°, 45°, 60°.

UNIT VI: MENSURATION

1. AREAS RELATED TO CIRCLES

• Motivate the area of a circle; area of sectors and segments of a circle.
• Problems based on areas and perimeter/circumference of the above-said plane figures. (In calculating the area of a segment of a circle, problems should be restricted to a central angle of 60°, 90° and 120° only. Plane figures involving triangles, simple quadrilaterals and circle should be taken).

2. SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES

(i) Problems on finding surface areas and volumes of combinations of any two of the following: cubes, cuboids, spheres, hemispheres and right circular cylinders/cones. Frustum of a cone.
(ii) Problems involving converting one type of metallic solid into another and other mixed problems. (Problems with combination of not more than two different solids be taken).

UNIT VII: STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

1. STATISTICS

• Mean, median and mode of grouped data ( a bimodal situation to be avoided).
• Cumulative frequency graph.

2. PROBABILITY

• The Classical definition of probability. Simple problems on single events (not using set notation).

Exam Pattern for CBSE 10th 2018 Science

 The Exam Pattern for CBSE 10th Science is prescribed below for Candidate's Reference.

Units	Name of the Topics	Marks
I	Chemical Substances - Nature & Behaviour	25
II	World of Living	23
III	Natural Phenomenon	12
IV	Effects of Current	13
V	Natural Resources	7
	Total	80

CBSE 10th Syllabus 2018 for Science

The CBSE 10th Syllabus for Science is prescribed below

Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour

Chemical reactions:

• Chemical equation,
• Balanced chemical equation.
• Implications of a balanced chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition, displacement
• double displacement, precipitation, neutralization, oxidation and reduction.

Acids, bases, and salts:

• Their definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and OH- ions,
• General properties, examples and uses, the concept of pH scale(Definition relating to logarithm not required), the importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of sodium hydroxide, Bleaching powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.
• Metals and nonmetals.

Metals and nonmetals

• Properties of metals and non-metals, reactivity series,
• Formation and properties of ionic compounds, basic metallurgical processes, corrosion and its prevention.

Carbon Compounds

• Covalent bonding in carbon compounds. Versatile nature of carbon.
• Homologous series Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes, alkanes, and alkynes), the difference between saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
• Chemical properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps and detergents.

Periodic classification of elements

• Need for classification, Modern periodic table.
• Gradation in properties, valency, atomic number, metallic and nonmetallic properties.

Unit II: World of Living

Life processes:

• Basics of a living being". The basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion in plants and animals.

Control and coordination in animals and plants:

• Tropic movements in plants;
• Introduction to plant hormones; control and co-ordination in animals: nervous system; voluntary, involuntary and reflex action, chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.

Reproduction

• Reproduction in animal and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive health-need for and methods of family planning. safe sex vs HIV/AIDS.
• Childbearing and women's health.

Heredity and evolution

• Heredity; Mendel's contribution- Laws for the inheritance of traits: Sex determination: brief introduction; Basic concepts of evolution.

Unit III: Natural Phenomenon

• Reflection of light at curved surfaces, Images formed by spherical mirrors, center of curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not required), magnification.
• Refraction; laws of refraction, refractive index.
• Refraction of light by a spherical lens, Image formed by spherical lenses, Lens formula (Derivation not required), Magnification. Power of a lens.
• Functioning of a lens in the human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications of spherical mirrors and lenses.
• Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in daily life.

• Electric current, potential difference and electric current.
• Ohm's law; Resistance, Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends.
• Series combination of resistors, the parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Inter relation between P, V, I and R.

Magnetic Effects of Current

• Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid;
• Force on current carrying conductor, Fleming's left-hand rule. Electromagnetic induction.
• The induced potential difference, Induced current. Fleming's Right Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC.
• The advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.

Unit V: Natural Resources

• Sources of energy:
• Different forms of energy, conventional and non-conventional sources of energy:
• Fossil fuels, solar energy; biogas; the wind, water, and tidal energy; nuclear energy.
• Renewable versus non-renewable sources.
• Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste production and their solutions.
• Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.

Management of natural resources

• Conservation and judicious use of natural resources. Forest and wildlife;
• Coal and Petroleum conservation. Examples of people’s participation for conservation of natural resources.
• Big dams: advantages and limitations; alternatives, if any. Water harvesting. Sustainability of natural resources.

Exam Pattern for CBSE 10th 2018 Social Science

There are 29 questions in the paper. All questions are compulsory. Questions from serial number 1 to 8 are very short answer questions of 1 mark each. Questions from serial number 9 to 20 are 3 marks questions. Questions from serial number 21 to 28 are 5 marks questions. Question number 29(a) is a map question of 3 marks from History and the Question number 29(b) is a map question of 3 marks from Geography.

Unit	Topic	Term I	Term II
I	India and the Contemporary World - II	23	23
II	Contemporary India - II	23	23
III	Democratic Politics - II	22	22
IV	Understanding Economic Development	22	22
V	Disaster Management	-	-
	Total	90	90

The formative assessment will comprise of Projects, assignments, activities and Class Tests/periodic tests. The Summative assessment will comprise of Theory paper as per the prescribed design of the Question Paper.

CBSE 10th Syllabus 2018 for Social Science

Unit 1: India and the Contemporary World - II

• In Sub-unit 1.1 you are required to choose any two themes. In that sub-unit, theme 3 is compulsory and for second theme you are required to choose any one from the first two themes. In Sub Units 1.2 and 1.3 you are required to choose any one theme from each. Thus, you are required to study four themes in all. In Sub Units 1.2 and 1.3 you are required to choose any one theme from each. Thus, you are required to study four themes in all.

Term I
Sub-unit 1.2: Livelihoods, Economies, and Societies

Any one of the following themes:

4.The making of Global World: (a) Contrast between the form of industrialization in Britain and India. (b) The relationship between handicrafts and industrial production, formal and informal sectors. (c) The livelihood of workers. Case studies: Britain and India. (Chapter 4).

5.The Age of Industrialisation: (a) Patterns of urbanization (b) Migration and the growth of towns. (c) Social change and urban life. (d) Merchants, middle classes, workers and urban poor. (Chapter 5)
Case Studies: London and Bombay in the nineteenth and twentieth century.
6.Work, Life, and Leisure: (a) Expansion and integration of the world market in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. (b) Trade and economy between the two Wars. (c) Shifts after the 1950s. (d) Implications of globalization for livelihood patterns.